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Instruction
([xx] referring sections in 'Useful Notes')
-
1) building image / set-up ssh. & x11
-> [a0]
-> [a1: verify ccrma img.]
-> dd image. (8GB Trenscend class 10 microsdhc had been used.) / use rdisk if you are using mac. damn faster. (but, better not use mac for that 5 min.)
-> go get XQuartz, for OSX Lion.
-> [a3: mac's ssh check]
2)
-> ssh into RPi - ssh -XY ccrma@192.168.105.106 (through Ethernet, this ip is fixed one. mac's ethernet should be manually set as 192.168.105.105/24)
-> [a8]
-> reboot - sudo shutdown -r now (default pw: temppwd)
-> cd /sys/class/sound and look around.. card0 should be identified as your USB interface.. / [b08], [b13]
-> [b02: upload files into RPi]
-> pd & - to edit things.. and test sound.. etc.
-> arduino & - edit firmata code. and re-fuse arduino.
-> don't try to do heavy monitoring. gui overload is really significant.. / use very slow monitoring in GUI mode and change the freq. back with text editor (like, nano)
-> pd -nogui XXXX &
-> be warned with [b16] / it really matters.
-> if it works fine. you can check stream type (for example, S16_LE, 44.1kHz sth..) / [b14]
-> finally, [b15]
-> and reboot. and give it a long run test.
-> that's it. done. clap.
Useful Notes (ToC) -> useful_notes.txt
-
a0 Powering the RPi
a1 Verify if the the hash key is the same (optional), in the terminal run:
a3 locale problem of ssh
a4 finding raspberry's ip! --> arp -a
a8 assigning UX1-EA (usb audio dev.) as a default dev.
-
b01 fsck for raspberry pi
b02 Using scp to transfer files in Linux
b03 blocked RPi
b08 identifying sound card (ex. hw:0,1)
b09 setting file for pd
b10 make a backup of image
b13 identifying the cards.. (for jack..)
b14 where to find current stream info!
b15 starting automatically pd patch.
b16 don't use loadbang -> pd dsp 1; when you do pd with nogui-mode on RPi). NEVER!

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Useful Notes
- ToC Start -
a0 Powering the RPi
a1 Verify if the the hash key is the same (optional), in the terminal run:
a3 locale problem of ssh
a4 finding raspberry's ip! --> arp -a
a8 assigning UX1-EA (usb audio dev.) as a default dev.
-
b01 fsck for raspberry pi
b02 Using scp to transfer files in Linux
b03 blocked RPi
b08 identifying sound card (ex. hw:0,1)
b09 setting file for pd
b10 make a backup of image
b13 identifying the cards.. (for jack..)
b14 where to find current stream info!
b15 starting automatically pd patch.
b16 don't use loadbang -> pd dsp 1; on RPi. NEVER!
- ToC End -
-
a0 Powering the RPi
If you use the micro-USB power input to power the RPi you might encounter sudden reboots when plugging in or unplugging USB devices. If you want to be sure your RPi doesn't reboot in such cases you can try backfeed powering your RPi by connecting the power supply to one of the USB ports or use a powered USB hub that backfeeds. Also make sure your power supply can provide at least 700mA at 5V. If you plan on using an USB interface you might need more power so try to find a power supply that provides 2A or even more.
-
a1 Verify if the the hash key is the same (optional), in the terminal run:
shasum ~/Downloads/2012-12-16-wheezy-raspbian.zip
-
a3 locale problem of ssh
-
Q. perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
LANG = "en_GB.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
-
A.
-
Does this problem happen if you are using a particular program on the RPi, or is it when you use SSH from another computer?
If it happens when using SSH, this is a fault on the SSH client, not the RPi. For example using an Ubuntu machine as the SSH client will cause this problem.
To fix this SSH problem, edit the file /etc/ssh/ssh_config on the SSH client (not the RPi) and remove the line
SendEnv LANG LC_*
This stops the client sending invalid locale information to the RPi.
-
Thanks bredman, your tip worked for me.
In my case, however, the conf file is /etc/ssh_config (ssh client on Mac Mountain Lion, 10.8.2). I commented like this:
# SendEnv LANG LC_*
and now I can even run python scripts on the raspberry that earlier caused errors like
"UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character ..."
Great!
-
a4 finding raspberry's ip! --> arp -a
-
a8 assigning UX1-EA (usb audio dev.) as a default dev.
-
How to Assign USB Audio as primary sound device in ALSA
-
This is for anyone that has a fried sound card (like me) in their laptop. Instead of replacing the motherboard or tossing your old laptop in the trash, get a pair of USB speakers and follow this procedure:
(This procedure will get sound going without the need of installing pulse audio)
1) Backup the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
Note: Original alsa-base.conf:
# autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-seq ; }
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-emu10k1-synth ; : ; }
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
# Keep snd-pcsp from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
Add:
# Assign USB Audio as default sound card
options snd_usb_audio index=-1
Delete these last TWO lines in the file:
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
New file should look like this:
# autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-seq ; }
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet snd-emu10k1-synth ; : ; }
# Assign USB Audio as default sound card
options snd_usb_audio index=-1
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
# Keep snd-pcsp from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
NOTE 1: If a sound card is not found by ALSA... ALSA config will not make USB the default sound card, so this tells method tells ALSA, USB audio is what you want it to use.
NOTE 2: PCM still needs to be checked in the Alsa Mixer.
NOTE 3: The volume icon will now show up in Tint2 (needs to be unmuted) - reboot may be required.
NOTE 4: The spelling of the word "beeing", it's a typo by the original coder.
-
b01 fsck for raspberry pi
/dev/mmcblk0p2 is the root file system, so it is not easily unmounted. It could probably be re-mounted as read-only, but a simpler way is to schedule a fsck at the next reboot.
sudo touch /forcefsck
then reboot. Or reboot with
shutdown -rF now
which does the same.
-
Where are fsck results logged at boot time, after /forcefsck?
-
pi@raspberrypi /var/log/fsck $ ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 9 09:52 .
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 May 16 23:44 ..
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 125 May 16 23:44 checkfs
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 221 May 16 23:44 checkroot
pi@raspberrypi /var/log/fsck $ cat checkroot
Log of fsck -C -f -a -t ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p2
Thu May 16 23:44:09 2013
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
/dev/mmcblk0p2: 67102/237568 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 384740/937984 blocks
Thu May 16 23:44:17 2013
----------------
pi@raspberrypi /var/log/fsck $ cat checkfs
Log of fsck -C -R -A -a -f
Thu May 16 23:44:21 2013
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
Thu May 16 23:44:21 2013
----------------
-
b02 Using scp to transfer files in Linux
-
To copy files from the local system to a remote system:
scp file... user@host.domain:path
-
b03 blocked RPi
-
The new overclocking functionality seems to have destroyed my RasPi.
I updated everything in my Debian distro yesterday to try out the new overclocking functionality. Ran raspi_config and selected the "medium" option (900 mHz, 2 volt, etc.)
The unit ran fine, no hiccups. Just a bit faster. I've had the unit up and running for the better part of 2 weeks now without powering it down, so I left it running overnight at the new speed.
This morning it appears to be dead. Open SSH sessions to my desktop were dead, unit wasn't pingable, and no HDMI video. Removed power and rebooted. Nothing. It looks like the network traffic lights show activity when powered up, but nothing else is working.
So now what? Since this seems to have been a "sanctioned" upgrade, is this a warranty issue? Is it warning to others? Did someone not test this stuff properly?
-
Locked up again, on the very lowest raspi-config overclock setting ("modest"). It continues to require a complete unplugging of everything to get it to reboot.
-
b08 identifying sound card (ex. hw:0,1)
Use "aplay -l" to get a list of the devices on your system. The hw:X,Y comes from this mapping of your hardware -- in this case, X is the card number, while Y is the device number.
-
You might be able to get away with using device aliases instead of the "hw:X,Y" -- this is what the output of "aplay -L" shows. The "something:CARD=FOO,DEV=Y" stuff is the alias, and probably won't change between different device plug-ins
-
b09 setting file for pd
-
$ nano /home/derek/.pdsettings
GNU nano 1.2.4 File: /home/derek/.pdsettings
audioapi: 5
noaudioin: False
audioindev1: 0 4
noaudioout: False
audiooutdev1: 0 4
audiobuf: 50
rate: 44100
nomidiin: False
midiindev1: 0
nomidiout: False
midioutdev1: 0
path1: /home/derek/pd/rradical/memento
path2: /home/derek/pd/ix_toxy
path3: /home/derek/pd/berlin
path4: /home/derek/pd/rradical/memento/tutorial
path5: /home/derek/workshop_patches
path6: /usr/local/lib/pd/doc/5.reference
path7: /usr/local/lib/pd/extra/xjimmies
npath: 7
standardpath: 1
verbose: 0
loadlib1: pool
loadlib2: iemlib1
loadlib3: iemlib2
loadlib4: iem_mp3
loadlib5: iem_t3_lib
loadlib6: OSC
loadlib7: zexy
nloadlib: 7
defeatrt: 0
flags: -alsamidi -rt
-
b10 make a backup of image
-
using ubuntu live cd. boot with trial mode.
-
sudo fdisk -l
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=./OldHD.img
-
b13 identifying the cards.. (for jack..)
-
What is the output of
cat /proc/asound/cards
with the DAC attached?
And could you also post the output of
sudo lsusb -vvv
-
b14 where to find current stream info!
(how can i check what is current playback setup at the moment of playback)
-
ccrma@satellite /proc/asound/card0 $ cat stream0
EDIROL UA-1EX at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.3, full speed : USB Audio
Playback:
Status: Running
Interface = 0
Altset = 1
Packet Size = 288
Momentary freq = 44100 Hz (0x2c.199a)
Interface 0
Altset 1
Format: S24_3LE
Channels: 2
Endpoint: 1 OUT (ADAPTIVE)
Rates: 44100
Capture:
Status: Stop
Interface 1
Altset 1
Format: S24_3LE
Channels: 2
Endpoint: 2 IN (ASYNC)
Rates: 44100
-
reference
-
http://guayadeque.org/index.php?p=/discussion/576/correct-switching-between-16bit-and-24bit-usb-audio-playback/p1
-
b15 starting automatically pd patch.
-
ccrma@satellite ~/on-startup $ cat load_default_patch
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script starts pd with a default patch (please see all the way below)
#
#
#
# Copyright (C) Feb. 2012 Edgar Berdahl for the Satelite CCRMA project
#
# The above copyright notice including the copyright holders and this
# permission notice shall be included in all copies, substantial
# portions, or derivatives of the Software and Software portions.
#
# The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any,
# must include the following acknowledgment: "This product includes
# software developed in the course of the Satellite CCRMA project
# (http://ccrma.stanford.edu/satellite/) and its contributors", in the
# same place and form as other third-party acknowledgments. In
# addition, this acknowledgment must appear in the software itself in
# the same form and location as other such third-party acknowledgments.
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 as
# published by the Free Software Foundation except subject to the additional
# attribution requirements described beneath the copyright notice above.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the modified GNU General Public
# License along with this program.
# It is necessary to specify the complete path of the pd patch:
#pd -nogui /home/ccrma/on-startup/default-patch.pd
pd -nogui /home/ccrma/puredata/paperPerfm2011_B-E_RPi_nogui.pd
-
b16 don't use loadbang -> pd dsp 1; on RPi. NEVER!
-
Why Doesn't Audio Work When I Start Pd In -Nogui Mode?
When I start Pd from the commandline without the GUI in -nogui mode, it can't connect to the soundcard and no dsp seems to happen?
Currently, there is a bug in Pd where starting in -nogui mode causes patches to be run before it connects to a sound card. When running the graphical user interface (GUI), there is a delay as the GUI is being setup before patches are run and this is enough time for the sound to be connected. Basically, if you are turning on dsp with a loadbang like this:
[loadbang]
|
[; pd dsp 1(
Pd tries to start dsp, but in -nogui mode, it hasn't yet connected to the sound card and you'll get an error similar to this:
snd_pcm_open (input): Device or resource busy
snd_pcm_open (output): Device or resource busy
If so, you can add a delay before starting the dsp:
[loadbang]
|
[delay 100]
|
[; pd dsp 1(
This should be enough time to mimic the delay taken when the GUI starts and the sound card can be setup before dsp is started.
-
http://puredata.info/docs/faq/why-doesn-t-audio-work-when-i-start-pd-in-nogui-mode

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#N canvas 0 0 450 300 10;
#X obj 46 23 vsl 15 128 0 1 0 0 empty empty empty 0 -9 0 10 -262144
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#X floatatom 45 208 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X obj 46 168 mapping2float 20 30;
#X text 122 25 convert 0 1 range to whatever float interval;
#X floatatom 111 135 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X floatatom 176 135 5 0 0 0 - - -;
#X text 230 136 set output range;
#X connect 0 0 2 0;
#X connect 2 0 1 0;
#X connect 4 0 2 1;
#X connect 5 0 2 2;

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#N canvas 796 236 280 351 10;
#X obj 32 32 inlet;
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#X obj 93 31 inlet;
#X obj 148 32 inlet;
#X text 113 57 min;
#X text 167 51 max;
#X obj 93 112 t b f;
#X obj 93 164 - \$1;
#X obj 93 138 \$2;
#X obj 133 81 loadbang;
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#X connect 6 1 7 1;
#X connect 7 0 10 1;
#X connect 8 0 7 0;
#X connect 9 0 8 0;
#X connect 10 0 11 0;
#X connect 11 0 1 0;

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#X floatatom 120 271 3 0 0 0 - - -;
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#X connect 10 0 5 2;
#X connect 11 0 8 0;
#X connect 12 0 6 0;
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#X connect 14 0 10 0;
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#X restore 219 284 pd midi;
#X floatatom 178 93 3 0 0 0 - tone-vu1 -;
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#X obj 42 150 metro 1000;
#X obj 42 123 tgl 20 0 empty empty empty 20 8 0 8 -262144 -1 -1 0 1
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#X text 24 30 this window has various wierd debugging stuff...;
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1 \; tone-ch5 1 \; tone-ch6 1 \; tone-ch7 1 \; tone-ch8 1;
#X msg 285 47 \; tone-ch1 0 \; tone-ch2 0 \; tone-ch3 0 \; tone-ch4
0 \; tone-ch5 0 \; tone-ch6 0 \; tone-ch7 0 \; tone-ch8 0;
#X msg 34 330 \; pd dsp 1 \; tone-pitch 69 \; tone-radio 1 \; tone-radio-set
set 1 \; tone-type 0 \; tone-type-set 0 \; tone-all 1 \; tone-hipass-set
set 1 \;;
#X obj 8 53 delay 1000;
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/*
* Firmata is a generic protocol for communicating with microcontrollers
* from software on a host computer. It is intended to work with
* any host computer software package.
*
* To download a host software package, please clink on the following link
* to open the download page in your default browser.
*
* http://firmata.org/wiki/Download
*/
/*
Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Hans-Christoph Steiner. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Paul Stoffregen. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 2009 Shigeru Kobayashi. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Jeff Hoefs. All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
See file LICENSE.txt for further informations on licensing terms.
formatted using the GNU C formatting and indenting
*/
/*
* TODO: use Program Control to load stored profiles from EEPROM
*/
#include <Servo.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Firmata.h>
// move the following defines to Firmata.h?
#define I2C_WRITE B00000000
#define I2C_READ B00001000
#define I2C_READ_CONTINUOUSLY B00010000
#define I2C_STOP_READING B00011000
#define I2C_READ_WRITE_MODE_MASK B00011000
#define I2C_10BIT_ADDRESS_MODE_MASK B00100000
#define MAX_QUERIES 8
#define MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL 10
#define REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED -1
/*==============================================================================
* GLOBAL VARIABLES
*============================================================================*/
/* analog inputs */
int analogInputsToReport = 0; // bitwise array to store pin reporting
/* digital input ports */
byte reportPINs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // 1 = report this port, 0 = silence
byte previousPINs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // previous 8 bits sent
/* pins configuration */
byte pinConfig[TOTAL_PINS]; // configuration of every pin
byte portConfigInputs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // each bit: 1 = pin in INPUT, 0 = anything else
int pinState[TOTAL_PINS]; // any value that has been written
/* timer variables */
unsigned long currentMillis; // store the current value from millis()
unsigned long previousMillis; // for comparison with currentMillis
int samplingInterval = 19; // how often to run the main loop (in ms)
/* i2c data */
struct i2c_device_info {
byte addr;
byte reg;
byte bytes;
};
/* for i2c read continuous more */
i2c_device_info query[MAX_QUERIES];
byte i2cRxData[32];
boolean isI2CEnabled = false;
signed char queryIndex = -1;
unsigned int i2cReadDelayTime = 0; // default delay time between i2c read request and Wire.requestFrom()
Servo servos[MAX_SERVOS];
/*==============================================================================
* FUNCTIONS
*============================================================================*/
void readAndReportData(byte address, int theRegister, byte numBytes) {
// allow I2C requests that don't require a register read
// for example, some devices using an interrupt pin to signify new data available
// do not always require the register read so upon interrupt you call Wire.requestFrom()
if (theRegister != REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED) {
Wire.beginTransmission(address);
#if ARDUINO >= 100
Wire.write((byte)theRegister);
#else
Wire.send((byte)theRegister);
#endif
Wire.endTransmission();
delayMicroseconds(i2cReadDelayTime); // delay is necessary for some devices such as WiiNunchuck
} else {
theRegister = 0; // fill the register with a dummy value
}
Wire.requestFrom(address, numBytes); // all bytes are returned in requestFrom
// check to be sure correct number of bytes were returned by slave
if(numBytes == Wire.available()) {
i2cRxData[0] = address;
i2cRxData[1] = theRegister;
for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
#if ARDUINO >= 100
i2cRxData[2 + i] = Wire.read();
#else
i2cRxData[2 + i] = Wire.receive();
#endif
}
}
else {
if(numBytes > Wire.available()) {
Firmata.sendString("I2C Read Error: Too many bytes received");
} else {
Firmata.sendString("I2C Read Error: Too few bytes received");
}
}
// send slave address, register and received bytes
Firmata.sendSysex(SYSEX_I2C_REPLY, numBytes + 2, i2cRxData);
}
void outputPort(byte portNumber, byte portValue, byte forceSend)
{
// pins not configured as INPUT are cleared to zeros
portValue = portValue & portConfigInputs[portNumber];
// only send if the value is different than previously sent
if(forceSend || previousPINs[portNumber] != portValue) {
Firmata.sendDigitalPort(portNumber, portValue);
previousPINs[portNumber] = portValue;
}
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* check all the active digital inputs for change of state, then add any events
* to the Serial output queue using Serial.print() */
void checkDigitalInputs(void)
{
/* Using non-looping code allows constants to be given to readPort().
* The compiler will apply substantial optimizations if the inputs
* to readPort() are compile-time constants. */
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 0 && reportPINs[0]) outputPort(0, readPort(0, portConfigInputs[0]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 1 && reportPINs[1]) outputPort(1, readPort(1, portConfigInputs[1]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 2 && reportPINs[2]) outputPort(2, readPort(2, portConfigInputs[2]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 3 && reportPINs[3]) outputPort(3, readPort(3, portConfigInputs[3]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 4 && reportPINs[4]) outputPort(4, readPort(4, portConfigInputs[4]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 5 && reportPINs[5]) outputPort(5, readPort(5, portConfigInputs[5]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 6 && reportPINs[6]) outputPort(6, readPort(6, portConfigInputs[6]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 7 && reportPINs[7]) outputPort(7, readPort(7, portConfigInputs[7]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 8 && reportPINs[8]) outputPort(8, readPort(8, portConfigInputs[8]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 9 && reportPINs[9]) outputPort(9, readPort(9, portConfigInputs[9]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 10 && reportPINs[10]) outputPort(10, readPort(10, portConfigInputs[10]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 11 && reportPINs[11]) outputPort(11, readPort(11, portConfigInputs[11]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 12 && reportPINs[12]) outputPort(12, readPort(12, portConfigInputs[12]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 13 && reportPINs[13]) outputPort(13, readPort(13, portConfigInputs[13]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 14 && reportPINs[14]) outputPort(14, readPort(14, portConfigInputs[14]), false);
if (TOTAL_PORTS > 15 && reportPINs[15]) outputPort(15, readPort(15, portConfigInputs[15]), false);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* sets the pin mode to the correct state and sets the relevant bits in the
* two bit-arrays that track Digital I/O and PWM status
*/
void setPinModeCallback(byte pin, int mode)
{
if (pinConfig[pin] == I2C && isI2CEnabled && mode != I2C) {
// disable i2c so pins can be used for other functions
// the following if statements should reconfigure the pins properly
disableI2CPins();
}
if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin) && mode != SERVO && servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached()) {
servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].detach();
}
if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) {
reportAnalogCallback(PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin), mode == ANALOG ? 1 : 0); // turn on/off reporting
}
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
if (mode == INPUT) {
portConfigInputs[pin/8] |= (1 << (pin & 7));
} else {
portConfigInputs[pin/8] &= ~(1 << (pin & 7));
}
}
pinState[pin] = 0;
switch(mode) {
case ANALOG:
if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) {
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), INPUT); // disable output driver
//digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable internal pull-ups
digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), HIGH); // enable internal pull-ups
}
pinConfig[pin] = ANALOG;
}
break;
case INPUT:
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), INPUT); // disable output driver
//digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable internal pull-ups
digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), HIGH); // enable internal pull-ups
pinConfig[pin] = INPUT;
}
break;
case OUTPUT:
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable PWM
pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), OUTPUT);
pinConfig[pin] = OUTPUT;
}
break;
case PWM:
if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin)) {
pinMode(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), OUTPUT);
analogWrite(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), 0);
pinConfig[pin] = PWM;
}
break;
case SERVO:
if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) {
pinConfig[pin] = SERVO;
if (!servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached()) {
servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attach(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin));
}
}
break;
case I2C:
if (IS_PIN_I2C(pin)) {
// mark the pin as i2c
// the user must call I2C_CONFIG to enable I2C for a device
pinConfig[pin] = I2C;
}
break;
default:
Firmata.sendString("Unknown pin mode"); // TODO: put error msgs in EEPROM
}
// TODO: save status to EEPROM here, if changed
}
void analogWriteCallback(byte pin, int value)
{
if (pin < TOTAL_PINS) {
switch(pinConfig[pin]) {
case SERVO:
if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin))
servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].write(value);
pinState[pin] = value;
break;
case PWM:
if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin))
analogWrite(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), value);
pinState[pin] = value;
break;
}
}
}
void digitalWriteCallback(byte port, int value)
{
byte pin, lastPin, mask=1, pinWriteMask=0;
if (port < TOTAL_PORTS) {
// create a mask of the pins on this port that are writable.
lastPin = port*8+8;
if (lastPin > TOTAL_PINS) lastPin = TOTAL_PINS;
for (pin=port*8; pin < lastPin; pin++) {
// do not disturb non-digital pins (eg, Rx & Tx)
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
// only write to OUTPUT and INPUT (enables pullup)
// do not touch pins in PWM, ANALOG, SERVO or other modes
if (pinConfig[pin] == OUTPUT || pinConfig[pin] == INPUT) {
pinWriteMask |= mask;
pinState[pin] = ((byte)value & mask) ? 1 : 0;
}
}
mask = mask << 1;
}
writePort(port, (byte)value, pinWriteMask);
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* sets bits in a bit array (int) to toggle the reporting of the analogIns
*/
//void FirmataClass::setAnalogPinReporting(byte pin, byte state) {
//}
void reportAnalogCallback(byte analogPin, int value)
{
if (analogPin < TOTAL_ANALOG_PINS) {
if(value == 0) {
analogInputsToReport = analogInputsToReport &~ (1 << analogPin);
} else {
analogInputsToReport = analogInputsToReport | (1 << analogPin);
}
}
// TODO: save status to EEPROM here, if changed
}
void reportDigitalCallback(byte port, int value)
{
if (port < TOTAL_PORTS) {
reportPINs[port] = (byte)value;
}
// do not disable analog reporting on these 8 pins, to allow some
// pins used for digital, others analog. Instead, allow both types
// of reporting to be enabled, but check if the pin is configured
// as analog when sampling the analog inputs. Likewise, while
// scanning digital pins, portConfigInputs will mask off values from any
// pins configured as analog
}
/*==============================================================================
* SYSEX-BASED commands
*============================================================================*/
void sysexCallback(byte command, byte argc, byte *argv)
{
byte mode;
byte slaveAddress;
byte slaveRegister;
byte data;
unsigned int delayTime;
switch(command) {
case I2C_REQUEST:
mode = argv[1] & I2C_READ_WRITE_MODE_MASK;
if (argv[1] & I2C_10BIT_ADDRESS_MODE_MASK) {
Firmata.sendString("10-bit addressing mode is not yet supported");
return;
}
else {
slaveAddress = argv[0];
}
switch(mode) {
case I2C_WRITE:
Wire.beginTransmission(slaveAddress);
for (byte i = 2; i < argc; i += 2) {
data = argv[i] + (argv[i + 1] << 7);
#if ARDUINO >= 100
Wire.write(data);
#else
Wire.send(data);
#endif
}
Wire.endTransmission();
delayMicroseconds(70);
break;
case I2C_READ:
if (argc == 6) {
// a slave register is specified
slaveRegister = argv[2] + (argv[3] << 7);
data = argv[4] + (argv[5] << 7); // bytes to read
readAndReportData(slaveAddress, (int)slaveRegister, data);
}
else {
// a slave register is NOT specified
data = argv[2] + (argv[3] << 7); // bytes to read
readAndReportData(slaveAddress, (int)REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED, data);
}
break;
case I2C_READ_CONTINUOUSLY:
if ((queryIndex + 1) >= MAX_QUERIES) {
// too many queries, just ignore
Firmata.sendString("too many queries");
break;
}
queryIndex++;
query[queryIndex].addr = slaveAddress;
query[queryIndex].reg = argv[2] + (argv[3] << 7);
query[queryIndex].bytes = argv[4] + (argv[5] << 7);
break;
case I2C_STOP_READING:
byte queryIndexToSkip;
// if read continuous mode is enabled for only 1 i2c device, disable
// read continuous reporting for that device
if (queryIndex <= 0) {
queryIndex = -1;
} else {
// if read continuous mode is enabled for multiple devices,
// determine which device to stop reading and remove it's data from
// the array, shifiting other array data to fill the space
for (byte i = 0; i < queryIndex + 1; i++) {
if (query[i].addr = slaveAddress) {
queryIndexToSkip = i;
break;
}
}
for (byte i = queryIndexToSkip; i<queryIndex + 1; i++) {
if (i < MAX_QUERIES) {
query[i].addr = query[i+1].addr;
query[i].reg = query[i+1].addr;
query[i].bytes = query[i+1].bytes;
}
}
queryIndex--;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
break;
case I2C_CONFIG:
delayTime = (argv[0] + (argv[1] << 7));
if(delayTime > 0) {
i2cReadDelayTime = delayTime;
}
if (!isI2CEnabled) {
enableI2CPins();
}
break;
case SERVO_CONFIG:
if(argc > 4) {
// these vars are here for clarity, they'll optimized away by the compiler
byte pin = argv[0];
int minPulse = argv[1] + (argv[2] << 7);
int maxPulse = argv[3] + (argv[4] << 7);
if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) {
if (servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached())
servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].detach();
servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attach(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), minPulse, maxPulse);
setPinModeCallback(pin, SERVO);
}
}
break;
case SAMPLING_INTERVAL:
if (argc > 1) {
samplingInterval = argv[0] + (argv[1] << 7);
if (samplingInterval < MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL) {
samplingInterval = MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL;
}
} else {
//Firmata.sendString("Not enough data");
}
break;
case EXTENDED_ANALOG:
if (argc > 1) {
int val = argv[1];
if (argc > 2) val |= (argv[2] << 7);
if (argc > 3) val |= (argv[3] << 14);
analogWriteCallback(argv[0], val);
}
break;
case CAPABILITY_QUERY:
Serial.write(START_SYSEX);
Serial.write(CAPABILITY_RESPONSE);
for (byte pin=0; pin < TOTAL_PINS; pin++) {
if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) {
Serial.write((byte)INPUT);
Serial.write(1);
Serial.write((byte)OUTPUT);
Serial.write(1);
}
if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) {
Serial.write(ANALOG);
Serial.write(10);
}
if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin)) {
Serial.write(PWM);
Serial.write(8);
}
if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) {
Serial.write(SERVO);
Serial.write(14);
}
if (IS_PIN_I2C(pin)) {
Serial.write(I2C);
Serial.write(1); // to do: determine appropriate value
}
Serial.write(127);
}
Serial.write(END_SYSEX);
break;
case PIN_STATE_QUERY:
if (argc > 0) {
byte pin=argv[0];
Serial.write(START_SYSEX);
Serial.write(PIN_STATE_RESPONSE);
Serial.write(pin);
if (pin < TOTAL_PINS) {
Serial.write((byte)pinConfig[pin]);
Serial.write((byte)pinState[pin] & 0x7F);
if (pinState[pin] & 0xFF80) Serial.write((byte)(pinState[pin] >> 7) & 0x7F);
if (pinState[pin] & 0xC000) Serial.write((byte)(pinState[pin] >> 14) & 0x7F);
}
Serial.write(END_SYSEX);
}
break;
case ANALOG_MAPPING_QUERY:
Serial.write(START_SYSEX);
Serial.write(ANALOG_MAPPING_RESPONSE);
for (byte pin=0; pin < TOTAL_PINS; pin++) {
Serial.write(IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin) ? PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin) : 127);
}
Serial.write(END_SYSEX);
break;
}
}
void enableI2CPins()
{
byte i;
// is there a faster way to do this? would probaby require importing
// Arduino.h to get SCL and SDA pins
for (i=0; i < TOTAL_PINS; i++) {
if(IS_PIN_I2C(i)) {
// mark pins as i2c so they are ignore in non i2c data requests
setPinModeCallback(i, I2C);
}
}
isI2CEnabled = true;
// is there enough time before the first I2C request to call this here?
Wire.begin();
}
/* disable the i2c pins so they can be used for other functions */
void disableI2CPins() {
isI2CEnabled = false;
// disable read continuous mode for all devices
queryIndex = -1;
// uncomment the following if or when the end() method is added to Wire library
// Wire.end();
}
/*==============================================================================
* SETUP()
*============================================================================*/
void systemResetCallback()
{
// initialize a defalt state
// TODO: option to load config from EEPROM instead of default
if (isI2CEnabled) {
disableI2CPins();
}
/*for (byte i=0; i < TOTAL_PORTS; i++) {
reportPINs[i] = false; // by default, reporting off
portConfigInputs[i] = 0; // until activated
previousPINs[i] = 0;
}*/
// auto-init as all available pins as digital inputs.
// void reportDigitalCallback(byte port, int value) ==> this treats 'reportPINs'
reportDigitalCallback(0, 1);
reportDigitalCallback(1, 1);
reportDigitalCallback(2, 1);
// void setPinModeCallback(byte pin, int mode) ==> this treats 'portConfigInputs' / for 'previousPINs', have a look 'void outputPort(byte portNumber, byte portValue, byte forceSend)' ... '// only send if the value is different than previously sent'
setPinModeCallback(2, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(3, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(4, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(5, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(6, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(7, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(8, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(9, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(10, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(11, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(12, INPUT);
//setPinModeCallback(13, INPUT);
//
// firmate does not blocking 'digital input on pin 13'
// but, real cause comes out of the board design.
// ==> NOTE: Digital pin 13 is harder to use as a digital input than the other digital pins because it has an LED and resistor attached to it that's soldered to the board on most boards. If you enable its internal 20k pull-up resistor, it will hang at around 1.7 V instead of the expected 5V because the onboard LED and series resistor pull the voltage level down, meaning it always returns LOW.
// (http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalPins)
// so, it is, 'by h/w design', not feasible.
//
setPinModeCallback(14, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(15, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(16, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(17, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(18, INPUT);
setPinModeCallback(19, INPUT);
// pins with analog capability default to analog input
// otherwise, pins default to digital output
/*for (byte i=0; i < TOTAL_PINS; i++) {
if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(i)) {
// turns off pullup, configures everything
setPinModeCallback(i, ANALOG);
} else {
// sets the output to 0, configures portConfigInputs
setPinModeCallback(i, OUTPUT);
}
}*/
// by default, do not report any analog inputs
analogInputsToReport = 0;
/* send digital inputs to set the initial state on the host computer,
* since once in the loop(), this firmware will only send on change */
/*
TODO: this can never execute, since no pins default to digital input
but it will be needed when/if we support EEPROM stored config
for (byte i=0; i < TOTAL_PORTS; i++) {
outputPort(i, readPort(i, portConfigInputs[i]), true);
}
*/
}
void setup()
{
Firmata.setFirmwareVersion(FIRMATA_MAJOR_VERSION, FIRMATA_MINOR_VERSION);
Firmata.attach(ANALOG_MESSAGE, analogWriteCallback);
Firmata.attach(DIGITAL_MESSAGE, digitalWriteCallback);
Firmata.attach(REPORT_ANALOG, reportAnalogCallback);
Firmata.attach(REPORT_DIGITAL, reportDigitalCallback);
Firmata.attach(SET_PIN_MODE, setPinModeCallback);
Firmata.attach(START_SYSEX, sysexCallback);
Firmata.attach(SYSTEM_RESET, systemResetCallback);
Firmata.begin(57600);
systemResetCallback(); // reset to default config
}
/*==============================================================================
* LOOP()
*============================================================================*/
void loop()
{
byte pin, analogPin;
/* DIGITALREAD - as fast as possible, check for changes and output them to the
* FTDI buffer using Serial.print() */
checkDigitalInputs();
/* SERIALREAD - processing incoming messagse as soon as possible, while still
* checking digital inputs. */
while(Firmata.available())
Firmata.processInput();
/* SEND FTDI WRITE BUFFER - make sure that the FTDI buffer doesn't go over
* 60 bytes. use a timer to sending an event character every 4 ms to
* trigger the buffer to dump. */
currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis > samplingInterval) {
previousMillis += samplingInterval;
/* ANALOGREAD - do all analogReads() at the configured sampling interval */
for(pin=0; pin<TOTAL_PINS; pin++) {
if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin) && pinConfig[pin] == ANALOG) {
analogPin = PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin);
if (analogInputsToReport & (1 << analogPin)) {
Firmata.sendAnalog(analogPin, analogRead(analogPin));
}
}
}
// report i2c data for all device with read continuous mode enabled
if (queryIndex > -1) {
for (byte i = 0; i < queryIndex + 1; i++) {
readAndReportData(query[i].addr, query[i].reg, query[i].bytes);
}
}
}
}

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#include <ConfigurableFirmata.h>
#include <vector>
const char* ssid = "TEEPOT";
const char* password = "3333388888";
const int NETWORK_PORT = 27016;
//// A UDP instance to let us send and receive packets over UDP
//WiFiUDP Udp;
//const IPAddress outIp(192,168,43,13); // remote IP (not needed for receive)
//const unsigned int outPort = 9999; // remote port (not needed for receive)
//const unsigned int localPort = 8888; // local port to listen for UDP packets (here's where we send the packets)
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "utility/WiFiClientStream.h"
#include "utility/WiFiServerStream.h"
WiFiServerStream serverStream(NETWORK_PORT);
std::vector<int> pins = {16, 15, 17, 18, 20, 19, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33}; //16
//2 ==> flipping autonomously 1/0 without grounding! (maybe grounded by something else???)
//1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ==> flipping 1/0 ... while grounded manually.
//i have a feeling ... this relates to 'touch sensing'... this precise flipping might be from cap. charge/discharge cycles?
void setup()
{
//pinmodes
for (int idx = 0; idx < pins.size(); idx++) {
pinMode(pins[idx], INPUT_PULLUP);
}
//serial
Serial.begin(115200);
//wifi
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
// Connect to WiFi network
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
//firmata
Firmata.disableBlinkVersion();
Firmata.begin(serverStream);
// Firmata.begin(115200);
// Firmata.setFirmwareNameAndVersion("ConfigurableFirmata", FIRMATA_FIRMWARE_MAJOR_VERSION, FIRMATA_FIRMWARE_MINOR_VERSION);
}
void loop()
{
for (int idx = 0; idx < pins.size(); idx++) {
Firmata.sendAnalog(idx, digitalRead(pins[idx])*1023);
}
serverStream.maintain();
}
// [NOTE]
// because firmata analog way has limits of max. channels <= 16. you can use digital way.. like below.
// but this not yet confirmed whether it is working or not.
//
// #include <ConfigurableFirmata.h>
// int pins_port0[8] = {17, 18, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
// int pins_port1[8] = {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 26};
// int pins_port2[8] = {27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 33};
// void setup()
// {
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) pinMode(pins_port0[idx], INPUT_PULLUP);
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) pinMode(pins_port1[idx], INPUT_PULLUP);
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) pinMode(pins_port2[idx], INPUT_PULLUP);
// Firmata.setFirmwareNameAndVersion("ConfigurableFirmata", FIRMATA_FIRMWARE_MAJOR_VERSION, FIRMATA_FIRMWARE_MINOR_VERSION);
// Firmata.begin(115200);
// }
// void loop()
// {
// byte port = 0;
// static byte port0_prev = 0;
// port = 0x00;
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) port |= (digitalRead(pins_port0[idx]) ? 0x01<<idx : 0x00);
// if (port0_prev != port) Firmata.sendDigitalPort(0, port);
// port0_prev = port;
// static byte port1_prev = 0;
// port = 0x00;
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) port |= (digitalRead(pins_port1[idx]) ? 0x01<<idx : 0x00);
// if (port1_prev != port) Firmata.sendDigitalPort(1, port);
// port1_prev = port;
// static byte port2_prev = 0;
// port = 0x00;
// for (int idx = 0; idx < 8; idx++) port |= (digitalRead(pins_port2[idx]) ? 0x01<<idx : 0x00);
// if (port2_prev != port) Firmata.sendDigitalPort(2, port);
// port2_prev = port;
// delay(20);
// }

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